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:: Volume 4, Issue 9 (12-2025) ::
3 2025, 4(9): 25-35 Back to browse issues page
Security in Space–Air–Ground Integrated Networks (SAGIN): A Systematic Review of Vulnerabilities and Defense Mechanisms
Negar Ataeian
Abstract:   (88 Views)
The emergence of Space–Air–Ground Integrated Networks (SAGIN) marks a fundamental transformation in the global communication infrastructure landscape. By merging three key domains—satellites in space, aerial vehicles and drones in the air, and terrestrial stations on the ground—this architecture provides a seamless, dynamic platform for data exchange with very low latency and global coverage. Such a network is capable of ensuring continuous, highly reliable communication even in remote environments or under critical conditions. These features make SAGIN a key enabler for next‑generation technologies, including autonomous vehicles, the Internet of Everything (IoE), smart cities, environmental monitoring, and disaster management. Moreover, the fusion of data from different layers can support real‑time decision‑making and improve the efficiency of intelligent networks.
However, the multilayer, heterogeneous nature of SAGIN introduces a range of complex security challenges. The propagation of cyber threats from one layer to another, disparities in the computational and energy resources of nodes, and weaknesses in authentication and trust among heterogeneous components increase the risk of cross‑domain attacks. Additionally, the high dynamicity of the topology, the mobility of aerial nodes, and resource limitations in some segments render traditional security mechanisms ineffective. Consequently, the development of intelligent, adaptive, and AI‑based security frameworks has become essential to ensure data confidentiality, integrity, and availability in the multi‑domain environment of SAGIN.
 
Keywords: Space–Air–Ground Integrated Networks (SAGIN), security, cross layer threats, AI based security, systematic review, network vulnerabilities, cyber physical security.
Full-Text [PDF 493 kb]   (80 Downloads)    
Type of Study: Research | Subject: Special
Received: 2025/10/25 | Accepted: 2025/12/1 | Published: 2025/12/1
References
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Ataeian N. Security in Space–Air–Ground Integrated Networks (SAGIN): A Systematic Review of Vulnerabilities and Defense Mechanisms. 3 2025; 4 (9) :25-35
URL: http://jiis.iauh.ac.ir/article-1-55-en.html


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Volume 4, Issue 9 (12-2025) Back to browse issues page
فصلنامه سیستم های اطلاعاتی هوشمند Intelligent Information Systems Journal
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